The consequences can be fatal. A 2011 report from University College London"s (UCL) Institute of Health Equity, known as the Marmot review, estimated that 21.5% of excess winter deaths in the UK were attributable to cold homes. The figure changes year after year but can equate to several thousand deaths in a single season. In 2020-21, for example, 63,000 excess winter deaths were recorded in England, 10% of which were estimated to be directly attributable to fuel poverty according to the latest edition of the Marmot Review, authored by Sinha and colleagues, which was published in September.